II P.U.C. PRACTICAL EXAMINATION, BIOLOGY
VIVA VOCE: MODEL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Note for Examiners:
1. Questions should be asked from the specimens,
slides , charts and performing experiments given to that particular student
(Batch)
2. Questions regarding temporary slide
preparation of given material “A” should be asked from the experiment that a
student has obtained by lottery system.
3.
Examiners
can frame questions from the answers given (many value points).
Prepare a temporary slide of given material “A” by taking a transverse
section of ovary and report the number of locules and type of placentation
EXERCISE – 1
Q.1) What is meant by pentalocular ovary?
Ans: An ovary with five locules (chambers).
Q.2) What is Placentation?
Ans: Arrangement of ovules on the placenta
Q.3) What is meant by multilocular ovary?
Ans: Ovary having many locules (Hibiscus,
Lady’s finger)
Q.4) What is a locule?
Ans: Locules are chambers within the ovary
containing ovules.
Q.5) How many ovules are present in each
locule of Hibiscus?
Ans: Two.
Q.6) What is axile placentation?
Ans: Ovules attached to the central placenta.
Q.7) How many locules can be observed in
the T.S of Hibiscus ovary?
Ans: Five locules (Pentalocular).
Q.8) What is the type of placentation
observed in the Hibiscus ovary?
Ans: Axile placentation.
Prepare a temporary slide to show pollen
germination from the given material “A” and calculate the percentage of Pollen
germination
EXERCISE – 2
Q.1) Which nutrient solution is used to
induce pollen germination?
Ans: 10% sucrose solution or 10% sucrose
solution containing Boric acid and Calcium nitrate.
Q.2) What is a germ pore?
Ans: A pore or an opening on exine wall
through which pollen tube emerges out.
Q.3) Name the part of the pollen grain
through which pollen tube emerges out.
Ans: Germ pore.
Q.4) Where do the pollen grains
germinate on the flower?
Ans: On the Stigma.
Q.5) What is intine?
Ans: The inner wall of pollen grain.
Q.6) What is exine?
Ans: The outer wall of pollen grains.
Q.7) What does pollen tube carry?
Ans: The pollen tube carries the male gametes.
Q.8) What is the formula used to
calculate percentage of pollen grain germination? Ans: n x 100/N where,
n= Number of germinated pollen grains
N= Number of pollen grains in a field of microscope.
Prepare a temporary slide to show pollen tube growth on the stigma
from the given material “A” and draw a labeled diagram
EXERCISE – 3
Q.1) Through which tissue does the
pollen tube pass to reach the ovule?
Ans: The stylar tissue.
Q.2) Which stain is used to observe
growth of pollen tube?
Ans: Cotton blue
Prepare a temporary slide – “A” nuclear
staining
EXERCISE – 13
Q.1) Name the nuclear stain used in
temporary slide preparation of onion epidermal peel.
Ans: Acetocarmine / Acetoorcein.
Q.2) Why does the nucleus get darkly
stained to acetocarmine?
Ans: Nucleus is rich in nucleic acids which combine with Acetocarmine
to from a deep red conjugate. Hence nucleus appears to be darkly stained.
Q.4) Why the acetocarmine is used for
nuclear staining?
Ans: Acetocarmine has the ability to bind to nucleic acids. Since
nucleus is rich in nucleic acids, acetocarmine is used to stain nucleus.
Q.5) What is the shape of the cell
observed in the onion epidermal peel?
Ans: Rectangular.
Q.6) How many nuclei can be observed in
onion epidermal cell?
Ans: A single nucleus.
Q.7) Name the monomer unit of nucleic
acids.
Ans: Nucleotide.
Q.8) Which part of the cell gets stained
with acetocarmine?
Ans: Nucleus.
Prepare a temporary slide of “B” – Mitotic
study
EXERCISE – 6
Q.1) Why mitosis is called equational
division?
Ans: The chromosome number remains the same to
that of parent cell.
Q.2) Name the first phase of cell
division?
Ans. Prophase
Q.3) What is Karyokinesis?
Ans: Division of the nucleus.
Q.4) What is Cytokinesis?
Ans: Division of the cytoplasm.
3
Q.5) Mention the phase of cell division
during which the separation of chromatids take place.
Ans: Anaphase.
Q.6) Mention any one feature of Prophase.
Ans: Disintegration of nuclear envelope/
disintegration of nucleolus / condensation of Chromatin.
Q.7) In which stage of mitosis,
chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plate? Ans: Metaphase.
Q.8) During which phase of mitosis
chromosomes assume V, L, J and I-shapes? Ans: Anaphase.
Q.9) In which stage of mitosis, the
nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappears? Ans: End of Telophase
Q.10) What is the characteristic feature
of metaphase?
Ans: Chromosomes are arranged in equatorial
plane.
Q.11) In which stage of mitosis
splitting of centromere occurs?
Ans: Early anaphase.
Q.12) How does cytokinesis happen in
plant cells?
Ans: In plant cells, a cell plate is formed in
the middle after/during telophase which cuts the cell into two.
Conduct a suitable test for soil & water
samples C1 and C2 and report the pH values. EXERCISE – 19
Q.1) What is the range of acidic pH?
Ans: 1-7
Q.2) What is the range of basic pH?
Ans: 7-14.
Q.3) What is the value of neutral pH?
Ans: 7
Q.4) What do you mean by broad range pH?
Ans: pH whose range is from 1 to 14.
Q,5) What do you mean by narrow range pH?
Ans: pH whose range is from 6.5 to 9.
Q.6) What component of soil or water
determines the pH?
Ans: Hydrogen ion concentration.
4
Identification and comment on “D”
EXERCISE – 4
T.S of Testis
Q.1) Mention any one cell type seen in
the T.S. of mammalian testis.
Ans: Spermatogonial cells / Spermatocytes /
Spermatids / Spermatozoa/ Sertoli cells/Leydig cell
Q.2) Where do you find interstitial
cells in the testis?
Ans: In the stroma between seminiferous
tubules.
Q.3) To which cells of the seminiferous
tubule the spermatozoa are attached? Ans: Sertoli cells.
Q.4) Name the cells present in the
testis that secrete testosterone.
Ans: Leydig cells or Interstitial cells.
Q.5) What are spermatogonia?
Ans: The cells that undergo spermatogenesis.
Q.6) What are Sertoli cells?
Ans: Nutritive cells present in the
seminiferous tubules / Cells of seminiferous tubule that nourishes the
developing spermatozoa.
Q.7) Name the male Gonad.
Ans. Testis
T.S. of Ovary
Q.1) Name the structural component
associated with oogenesis present in the Ovary.
Ans: Ovarian follicle.
Q.2) Name the cavity present in the
Graafian follicle.
Ans: Antrum.
Q.3) Name the fluid present in the
antrum of the Graafian follicle.
Ans: Liquor folliculi.
Q.4) What is the female gonad called?
Ans: Ovary
Q.5) What is corpus albicans?
Ans: Degenerated corpus luteum is called
corpus albicans.
5
Female gametophyte development in the ovary of
a flower – Q.4 – “D”
EXERCISE – 5
Q,1) How many cells and nuclei are
present in the female gametophyte of a flower? Ans: 7 cells and 8
nuclei.
Q.2) Expand PEN
Ans: Primary Endosperm Nucleus
Q.3) Name the two poles of the embryo
sac.
Ans: Micropylar end and Chalazal end.
Q.4) What are Integuments?
Ans: The external protective layers of embryo
sac.
Q.5) Name the cells in the embryo sac
having polar nuclei.
Ans: Central cell.
Q.6) Name the stalk of the ovule.
Ans: Funiculus.
Q.7) Towards which end of the embryo
sac, the egg apparatus is found?
Ans: Micropylar end.
Q.8) How many antipodals are present at
the Chalazal end?
Ans: Three
T.S of Mammalian Blastula – Q.4 – “D”
EXERCISE – 8
Q.1) Name the cavity present in the
blastocyst.
Ans: Blastocoel.
Q.2) Mention any one cell type present
in the blastocyst.
Ans: Trophoblast / inner cell mass
Q.3) What are cells of Rauber?
Ans: The trophoblast cells that cover over the
inner cell mass.
Q.4) What is blastocoel?
Ans: Blastocoel is the fluid filled cavity
present in the blastula.
Q.5) What is trophoblast?
Ans: The outer most layer of cells of the
blastocyst.
Q.6) Which cell of mammalian blastula
develop into embryo proper?
Ans: Inner cell mass.
6
Study of meiosis – Q.4 – “D”
EXERCISE – 7
Q.1) Name the sub-stages of prophase-I
in correct order.
Ans: Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene
and Diakinesis.
Q.2) At what sub-stage Prophase-I chromosomes
are observed as bivalents?
Ans: Zygotene.
Q.3) Which sub-stage of prophase-I is called
tetrad stage?
Ans: Pachytene stage.
Q.3) Name the sub-stage of prophase-I in meiosis
during which the chiasmata can be observed for the first time.
Ans: Diplotene.
Q.4) At which phase of meiosis, the
homologous pair of chromosomes are separated? Ans: Anaphase-I
Q.5) At which phase of Meiosis the
replicated chromosomes are separated by the splitting of centromere?
Ans: Anaphase -II
Q.6) At which sub-stage of Prophase-I
pairing of homologous chromosome occur? Ans: Zygotene.
Q.7) At the end of Meiosis how many
daughter cell are produced?
Ans: Four.
Q.8) In which organs of our body meiosis
takes place?
Ans: Gonads (Testis and Ovary)
Identification and commenting on the disease
causing organism – “E”
EXERCISE – 14
Q.1) Name the causative organism for
Malaria.
Ans: Plasmodium vivax
Q.2) To which Protozoan class Entamoeba
belongs to?
Ans: Rhizopoda / Sarcodina
Q.3) To which Protozoan class the
Plasmodium belongs to?
Ans: Sporozoa.
Q.4) Mention the insect host of
Plasmodium.
Ans: Female Anopheles mosquito.
Q.5) Name the class to which Ascaris is
included.
Ans: Nematoda.
Q.6) Give the scientific name of
Roundworm.
Ans: Ascaris.
Q.7) Mention any one symptom of malarial
fever?
Ans: High fever / Chills / Sweating
Q.8) Mention any one symptoms of Ascariasis.
Ans: Irregular bowel / Occasional vomiting /
anaemia.
Q.9) Mention any one symptom of Ringworm
disease.
Ans: Infected area of skin is itchy / red /
with scaly patches giving ring like appearance.
Q.10) Name the organism that causes
Ascariasis.
Ans: Ascaris lumbricoides.
Q.11) Name the organism that causes
amoebic dysentery.
Ans: Entamoeba histolytica.
Identification and commenting of “F”
EXERCISE – 17
Xeric and Hydric adaptations – Plants
Q.1) Mention any one xeric adaptation found
in Opuntia.
Ans: Green and fleshy stem / Leaves modified
into spines.
Q.2) Mention any one adaptation in xeric
plants for prevention of loss of water by transpiration.
Ans: Sunken stomata / Modification of leaves
as spines or scales/ Thick cuticle on leaf surface.
Q.3) What type of leaves are seen in Pinus
/ Casuarina.
Ans: Needle like leaves.
Q.5) Name the tissue present in aquatic
plants that provides buoyancy.
Ans: Aerenchyma
Q.7) What is the function of aerenchyma
in hydrophytes?
Ans: Buoyancy.
Identification
of xeric and hydric adaptation “F”
EXERCISE – 18
Xeric & Hydric adaptations – Animals
Q.1) Mention any one aquatic adaptation
found in frog.
Ans: Webbed toes help in swimming / Mucous glands for cutaneous
respiration / Nictitating membrane for protection of eye in water.
Q,2) Mention any one aquatic adaptation
of fishes.
Ans: Fins – swimming and balancing/ Gills – respiration /Stream-lined
body to cut water currents / Scales for protection/
Q.3) Name any one aquatic adaptations
found in prawn.
Ans: Chitinous exoskeleton for protection /
Gills for respiration / Uropod for changing direction.
Q.4) What is the significance of
nictitating membrane in frog?
Ans: Protection of eye in water.
Q.5) Mention any one xeric adaptation
found in camel.
Ans: Padded foot for walking in sand / Hump
for storage of fat / Eyes with long eye lashes.
Q.7) Mention one adaptations of rat for
xeric conditions.
Ans: They prefer juices as food and consume very little water / As
they live in burrows underneath, they have well developed ear pinna for sound
perception.
Q.8) Mention any one xeric adaptations
found in squirrels.
Ans: Hair on the body for protection and
avoidance of evaporation.
Identification and Comment on “F”
EXERCISE – 25
Homologous and Analogous organs
Q.1) What are homologous organs?
Ans: Organs that have similar structure
and origin but different function.
Q.2) What are analogous organs?
Ans: Organs that have different
structure and origin but similar function.
Q.3) Why are scale leaves of Onion and
spines of Opuntia called homologous organ?
Ans: They are similar in origin but perform
different functions. Scale leaves of Onion store food while the spines of Opuntia
provide protection.
9
BIOLOGY FORUM OF KARNATAKA,
BANGALORE
Q.4) What type of organs, the tendrils
of Balloon vine and bulbils of Agave are? Ans: Homologous organs.
Q.5) Why are Tendrils of Vitis and
thorns of Carissa called homologous organs?
Ans: Both have similar origin but tendrils of Vitis helps in anchorage
while the thorns of Carissa are defensive in function.
Q.6) Why the stem tendrils and leaf
tendrils are called analogous organs?
Ans: They have different origin but perform
same functions, namely, anchorage.
Q.7) In Vitis which part is modified
into a tendril.
Ans: Terminal bud.
Q.8) In Pea plant which part is modified
into tendril?
Ans: Leaves.
Q.9) What is the function of modified
stems like rhizome, tuber and corm?
Ans: Storage / Vegetative Propagation.
Q.10) What is the function of modified
roots like Carrot/Radish/ Beetroot?
Ans: Storage of food.
Q.11) Why are forelimbs of bats and
human beings are called homologous organs?
Ans: They are similar in origin but perform different function. In
bats, the forelimbs help in flight while in Human, used for various
non-locomotory activities.
Q.12) Why the wings of insect and wings
of bird are called analogous organs?
Ans: They have different origin but perform same function. The wing of
an insect is supported by chitinous exoskeleton. The wing of bird is supported
by fore limb skeleton and is covered with feathers.
Q.13) What the type of organs the
mandible of cockroach and mandible of vertebrate are? Ans: Analogous
organs.
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